Sun Unleashes Most Powerful Solar Radiation Storm in Over Two Decades

A rare and powerful solar radiation storm the strongest in more than 20 years is racing toward Earth, bringing the chance of stunning auroras and heightened alerts for satellites and aviation.

Rare Space Weather Event Puts Satellites, Aviation on Alert

The sun has released its most intense solar radiation storm in more than 20 years, sending powerful waves of charged particles toward Earth and raising concerns for satellite operations, aviation, and space missions. Forecasters say the storm could also produce spectacular auroras visible far beyond their usual polar regions.

According to the National Weather Service’s Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC), the storm has reached S4 severity on a five-level scale, making it one of the strongest solar radiation events recorded since October 2003.

“This is the largest solar radiation storm in over 20 years,” SWPC announced. “Potential effects are mainly limited to space launch, aviation, and satellite operations.”

What Is a Solar Radiation Storm?

Solar radiation storms occur when the sun releases large amounts of high-energy particles, often following powerful solar flares. These particles can travel at near-light speed and pose radiation risks to astronauts, disrupt satellite electronics, and affect aircraft flying at high altitudes, especially over polar routes.

The current storm was triggered by an X-class solar flare, the most intense category of solar flare. Scientists say this marks the first major solar flare of the year, a sign that the sun is entering a more active phase of its solar cycle.

Agencies and Airlines Prepare for Potential Impacts

SWPC has notified a wide range of agencies and operators, including NASA, the Federal Aviation Administration, airlines, satellite operators, and emergency management officials, to ensure preparedness.

Astronauts aboard the International Space Station may take protective measures by relocating to more shielded areas, a standard precaution during heightened radiation events. Satellite operators may also adjust spacecraft operations to minimize potential damage.

While disruptions are possible, experts stress that widespread impacts for the general public are unlikely.

Geomagnetic Storm Adds to Space Weather Concerns

In addition to the radiation storm, a severe geomagnetic storm reached Earth Monday afternoon. Unlike radiation storms, geomagnetic storms are caused by coronal mass ejections (CMEs) massive bursts of plasma and magnetic fields from the sun’s outer atmosphere.

When CMEs collide with Earth’s magnetic field, they can induce electrical currents capable of interfering with power grids and communication systems. However, officials say infrastructure operators are well prepared, based on lessons learned from previous storms.

Northern Lights Could Appear Across Much of the U.S.

One of the most visible effects of the storm may be vivid auroral displays across large portions of the United States.

Forecasters say the aurora borealis could be visible across the northern half of the country and possibly as far south as Alabama and northern California. Clear skies in parts of the Midwest, Pacific Northwest, and coastal Northeast could provide excellent viewing opportunities.

Even where auroras are faint to the naked eye, smartphone cameras and digital sensors may capture the colorful glow.

How to Improve Your Chances of Seeing the Aurora

Experts recommend heading to a dark location with an unobstructed view of the northern horizon, away from city lights. Auroras often appear in short bursts lasting about 20 minutes, meaning patience can pay off.

“Aurora activity can surge suddenly,” said solar physicist Ryan French. “Your best chance is shortly after darkness falls.”

More Solar Activity May Be Ahead

Scientists are closely monitoring an active sunspot region that could produce additional flares and Earth-directed eruptions in the coming days. While not all eruptions impact Earth, forecasters warn that more space weather alerts are possible within the next week.

As the sun continues to grow more active, experts say events like this could become more common reminding Earth just how powerful our nearest star can be.